# SPF: spf=permerror — Multiple SPF records found for example.com

**Code:** `SPF: multiple SPF records` · **Category:** Email / SMTP · **Seen on:** SMTP, Linux

The domain publishes more than one TXT record starting with `v=spf1`; receivers must treat that as a permanent error.

## Meaning

A domain may have exactly one SPF record. When you add a new email service, merge its `include:` into the existing record instead of creating a second TXT record. After merging, delete the duplicate and wait for DNS TTL to expire.

## Common causes

- A second `v=spf1` record added for a new service
- Records at both the apex and a conflicting wildcard
- DNS provider UI creating duplicates
- Old record never removed
- CNAME and TXT both present at the name

## Quick fix

1. List all TXT records and merge into one `v=spf1` line
2. Delete duplicates and verify
3. Keep one record with all includes and a single final `-all` or `~all`

## Detailed fix by platform

### Linux

1. `dig +short TXT example.com | grep -c "v=spf1"` should print 1

## Code examples

### One merged record

```bash
example.com. IN TXT "v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com include:sendgrid.net ~all"
```

## How to diagnose

1. **Count** — Records starting v=spf1?
2. **Merge** — Includes combined?
3. **TTL** — Propagated?

---
Source: [WhatIsMyError](https://whatismyerror.com/errors/email/spf-multiple-records-permerror)