Error map
cannot declare variable to be of abstract type C++: error: cannot declare variable 'x' to be of abstract type 'Shape' (pure virtual functions)
C/C++ · layer 4, Application & API
Centre: this error. First ring: errors it is linked with (12). Outer ring: what those are linked with. Colours show the layer of a request each error belongs to. Click any dot to re-centre the map on it; hover to follow its connections. The centre dot opens the error page.
Directly related (12)
C++: error: no match for 'operator<<' (operand types are 'std::ostream' and 'X')
You used an operator on a type that does not define it — most often printing your own class with `
C++: error: use of deleted function 'X::X(const X&)' — copying a non-copyable type
The code needs a function (usually a copy constructor or assignment) that was deleted explicitly or implicitly, as for `std::uniq…
C++: error: no matching function for call to 'f(int, const char*)'
No overload of the function accepts the arguments you passed — wrong count, wrong types, or a missing conversion.
C++: error: invalid use of incomplete type 'class X' — forward declaration only
You used a class that has only been forward-declared (so its size and members are unknown) where the full definition is required.
C++: error: 'int X::secret' is private within this context
Code outside the class tried to use a private (or protected) member.
C++: error: passing 'const X' as 'this' argument discards qualifiers [-fpermissive]
A const object (or const reference) is calling a method that is not declared const, which could modify it.
C/C++: error: stray '\342' in program (smart quotes or invisible characters)
The source file contains a character the compiler does not recognise, typically curly quotes or a non-breaking space pasted from…
C/C++: warning: control reaches end of non-void function [-Wreturn-type]
A function that promises a return value can finish without returning one on some path — undefined behaviour in C++.
C: warning: format '%d' expects argument of type 'int', but argument 2 has type 'long int' [-Wformat=]
The `printf`/`scanf` format specifier does not match the argument's type, which is undefined behaviour and prints garbage or cras…
C++: undefined reference to `vtable for X' — virtual function not defined
The linker cannot find the class's virtual table, which means at least one virtual member function was declared but never defined…
Linux: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.30' not found (required by ./app) — libstdc++.so.6
The program was built with a newer GCC than the libstdc++ installed on the machine where it runs.
C/C++: Assertion `x > 0' failed. Aborted (core dumped) — assert() condition was false
An `assert()` in your code or in a library found its condition false and aborted the program on purpose.
Two steps away (27)
C++: error: call of overloaded 'f(int)' is ambiguous
Two or more overloads fit equally well, so the compiler refuses to guess which function you meant.
C++: error: template argument deduction/substitution failed / couldn't deduce template parameter
The compiler could not work out the template arguments from your call — the arguments disagree, the type can't be deduced, or a c…
C++: error: need 'typename' before 'T::iterator' because 'T' is a dependent scope
Inside a template, a name like `T::iterator` could be a type or a value, so C++ requires the `typename` keyword to say it is a ty…
C/C++: free(): double free detected / double free or corruption (out) — Aborted (core dumped)
Memory was freed twice or the heap was corrupted (buffer overflow, freeing a non-heap pointer), so glibc aborted the program.
C++: error: invalid conversion from 'const char*' to 'char*' [-fpermissive]
C++ forbids silently dropping `const` or converting between unrelated pointer types — typically a string literal assigned to `cha…
C++: error: expected primary-expression before ')' token
The parser expected a value or expression and found a token that cannot start one — often a type name passed where a value belong…
C/C++: ==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow on address — READ/WRITE of size N
AddressSanitizer caught a read or write just outside a heap block — an array index or length that is off by one or more.
C++: error: redefinition of 'class X' / multiple definition — missing include guard
The same class, struct or function body was included twice in one translation unit because the header has no include guard.
C++: error: 'string' does not name a type
Where the compiler expected a type, it found a name it does not know as one — a missing header, namespace, or class declared late…
C: warning: implicit declaration of function 'foo' [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
In C you called a function the compiler has not seen declared — usually a missing `#include`. Newer compilers treat it as an erro…
C/C++: ==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-use-after-free on address — memory used after delete/free
The program read or wrote a heap block after it had been freed; ASan shows who freed it and where it was allocated.
C/C++: error: expected ';' before 'x' — missing semicolon
The compiler reached a token where a statement should have ended — almost always a missing semicolon on the line above.
C++: error: 'x' was not declared in this scope (undeclared identifier)
The compiler met a name it has never seen: it is misspelled, declared later, out of scope, or its header or namespace is missing.
C++: error: expected unqualified-id before 'return' / before ')' token
The parser found a token where a name (declaration) was required — often a missing brace, a stray `)`, or a statement placed in a…
C/C++: warning: comparison of integer expressions of different signedness: 'int' and 'size_t' [-Wsign-compare]
A signed integer is compared with an unsigned one; the signed value is converted to unsigned, so a negative number becomes huge.
C/C++: Segmentation fault (core dumped) — SIGSEGV from a null, dangling or out-of-bounds pointer
The program touched memory it is not allowed to access — a null or dangling pointer, an out-of-range array index, or a stack over…
C/C++: runtime error: signed integer overflow / null pointer / shift exponent too large (UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer)
UBSan detected code that triggers undefined behaviour (overflow, null dereference, out-of-bounds index, bad shift, misaligned acc…
C/C++: *** stack smashing detected ***: terminated — buffer overflow on the stack
GCC's stack protector noticed that a local buffer overflowed and overwrote the function's canary value, so it aborted the program.
MSVC: error C4996: 'strcpy': This function or variable may be unsafe. Consider using strcpy_s instead
Visual C++ treats classic C library functions such as `strcpy`, `sprintf`, `fopen` and `scanf` as deprecated or unsafe and, with…
C/C++: undefined reference to `function' — collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
The linker can’t find the definition of a function or variable that was declared and used.
C/C++: multiple definition of `x'; first defined here — ld returned 1 exit status
The linker found the same function or global variable defined in two object files — usually something defined in a header.
C/C++: undefined reference to `main' — (.text+0x20) in crt1.o
The linker has no `main` function: the file with `main` is not compiled or linked, or `main` is spelled or declared incorrectly.
bash: command not found
The shell can’t find an executable with that name in any directory on your PATH.
error while loading shared libraries: libX.so.N: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
The program needs a shared library (.so) that isn’t installed or isn’t on the loader’s search path.
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.34' not found
The binary was built on a newer Linux than the one you run it on, and needs a newer glibc than your system has.
C++: terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::out_of_range' — what(): vector::_M_range_check
A C++ exception wasn’t caught anywhere, so std::terminate aborted the program. what() tells you the reason.
C++: pure virtual method called — terminate called without an active exception
A pure virtual function was called on an object that is being constructed or destroyed, where the derived part no longer exists.
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